List of metro systems
A metro system is a rapid transit train system. In some cases, metro systems are referred to as subways or undergrounds. The first metro system, the London Underground, was opened in 1863. As of 2010, there are approximately 160 metro systems in the world. The Shanghai Metro is the longest system in passenger route length.[1] The New York City Subway has the most stations and the longest amount of total track, with a total of 842 miles (1,355 km), including non-revenue trackage.[2]
Considerations
A metro system is defined as an urban, electric passenger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of service, which is totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrians.[3][4] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail often have similar definitions.[5][6]
The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail and commuter rail, is not always clear. A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequency, typically not more than 10 minutes between trains during normal daytime service. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead lines.
The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks match the technical level and service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are commonly known or better described as suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included. Neither are monorail and funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transportation systems.
Legend
- Location
- Country and primary city served by the metro system.
- Name
- The most common English name of the system.
- Opened
- The year the system was opened for commercial service with metro standard. Parts of the system may be older, as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network.
- Stations
- The number of stations in the network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
- Length
- The route length of the network in kilometres and miles.
List
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.
See also
Notes
- ^ There are 77 stations according to official source. But there are 68 stations when counting transfer stations as one.
- ^ Trial operation since 1969. Fully operational and open to public since 1981.
- ^ 1st line of Foshan Metro serves two cities - Foshan and Guangzhou
- ^ The number excludes the stations and lengths on the Guangfo Metro/Guangfo Line, which is part of the FMetro in Foshan.
- ^ East Rail Line overlapped with a conventional railway operational since 1910.
- ^ Excludes Expo and Maglev lines. According to official sources, the total line length is 431.7 km. But line 3 and 4 share 11.9 km of tracks according to urbanrail.net. Thus the route network length is approximately 420 km. The total number of stations is 273 (officially) but only 237 if transfer stations are counted as one (according to ExploreShanghai.com).
- ^ The green line, operated by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railway, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. It shall be integrated with Athens Metro under the new company STASY S.A.
"Information on Line 1 - Technical Data". ISAP. http://www.isap.gr/eng/page.asp?id=46. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ^ The blue line also has a 21.2 km section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.
"Operation". Attiko Metro S.A.. http://www.amel.gr/index.php?id=22&L=1. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Schwandl, Robert. "Athens Metro". UrbanRail.net. http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/ath/athens.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ^ Currently, line 1, 2 and 6 are rapid transit. Additional suburban lines will be upgraded to rapid transit standard.
Schwandl, Robert. "Napoli". UrbanRail.net. http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/it/nap/napoli.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ Overlapped with some conventional railways operational since 1925.
- ^ Parts of Line 1 and Line K1, K3 overlap with conventional railways that were built before 1974.
- ^ There are 147 stations on the network map, counting transfer stations as one. The sum of number of stations for all lines is 175.
- ^ Line 50, 53, and 54 are rapid transit. Numbers exclude light rail line 51.
- ^ serves suburbs of agglomeration also
- ^ Including MetroSur and other suburban lines.
- ^ Not entirely a metro.
- ^ The Lausanne Metro has two lines. Line 1 is light rail, line 2 is rapid transit. Stats are for line 2 only.
- ^ Despite of naming and use of tram rolling stock, partially underground system of Kryvyi Rih Metrotram de facto is completely rapid transit system with fenced stations and tracks that fully separated from roads and segregated from city's conventional tram system
- ^ The Red, Orange, and Blue lines of the subway are rapid transit. The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that opened in 1897 as an underground tram tunnel.
- ^ Red and Purple lines.
- ^ First regular elevated railway service began in 1870. The first section of subway opened in 1904. The total number of stations is 468, but with transfer stations counted only once, the number is 422 (including temporarily closed station Cortlandt Street).
- ^ Staten Island Railway is formally separate from NYC Subway but de facto is one of the lines of rapid transit system within city that has full separation from national railways, uses similar fare and rolling stock and operates by part of the same MTA company
- ^ Since the year of appear, 1860, SIR was shared part of national railways till separation from one in 1953 and reconstruction as segregated rapid transit in 1966
- ^ Broad Street Line and Market–Frankford Line
References
General references
Further reading
- Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5.
- Ovenden, Mark (2005). Metro Maps Of The World. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-288-7.
- Hinkel, W.; Treiber, K.; Valenta, G.; Liebsch, H. (2004). Underground Railways Yesterday - Today - Tomorrow. Schmid Verlag. ISBN 3-900607-44-3.
- Fischler, Stan (2000). Subways Of The World. MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0752-0.
- Garbutt, Paul (1997). World Metro Systems. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-191-0.
External links